Edición N°12 – Artículo 04
Captura, reproducción y aplicación del hongo Trichoderma
Capture, reproduction, and application of the Trichoderma fungus
Autoras: Jennifer Paola Borja Llivigañay, Karla Maribel Rocano Bustamante (Unidad Educativa Agronómico Salesiano)
Resumen
El hongo Trichoderma spp. es un hongo antagonista, lo que significa que es un microorganismo útil para la agricultura, horticultura, huertas y huertos urbanos.
Además, es un agente de control biológico que nos ayudará a combatir las enfermedades fúngicas del suelo, especialmente de los géneros Phytophthora, Rhizoctonia, Sclerotium, Pythium y Fusarium, entre otros.
Como estudiantes de la Unidad Educativa Agronómico Salesiano, del cantón Paute de la provincia del Azuay, realizamos la tesis con el tema Captura, reproducción y aplicación de Trichoderma; la misma que consistió en evaluar el impacto que tiene el Trichoderma en los suelos cultivables, además, se desea introducirlo en una sustancia líquida para acelerar el proceso de descomposición y, al mismo tiempo, sanitizar. Tomando en cuenta que el hábitat del hongo es el suelo, la madera y lugares húmedos, realizamos orificios en los cuales colocamos trampas de arroz cocido para el hongo. Luego de dos semanas se podrá observar el arroz con el color específico del hongo (verde), si su color es amarillo o rojo indicaría que es un mal hongo y deberíamos esperar que el hongo Trichoderma se alimente de ellos para proceder con su captura y reproducción.
Además, se analizó el beneficio de protección contra hongos parasitarios que nos brindó el hongo Trichoderma en los cultivos de lechuga durante el periodo de noviembre del 2021 hasta mayo de 2022, mediante la aplicación de una sustancia líquida elaborada a partir de este hongo.
Palabras clave: Trichoderma, cultivos, hongos, sustancia líquida.
Abstract
The Trichoderma spp. fungus is an antagonistic fungus, which means that it is a microorganism useful for agriculture, horticulture, vegetable gardens, and urban gardens.
In addition, it is a biological control agent that will help us combat fungal diseases in the soil, especially those of the genera Phytophthora, Rhizoctonia, Sclerotium, Pythium, and Fusarium, among others.
As students of the Salesian Agronomic Educational Unit in the canton of Paute in the province of Azuay, we wrote a thesis on the capture, reproduction, and application of Trichoderma. This consisted of evaluating the impact of Trichoderma on arable soils. In addition, we want to introduce it into a liquid substance to accelerate the decomposition process and, at the same time, sanitize. Taking into account that the fungus’s habitat is soil, wood, and damp places, we made holes in which we placed traps of cooked rice for the fungus. After two weeks, the rice will take on the specific color of the fungus (green). If its color is yellow or red, it would indicate that it is a bad fungus, and we should wait for the Trichoderma fungus to feed on them to proceed with its capture and reproduction.
In addition, the benefit of protection against parasitic fungi provided by the Trichoderma fungus in lettuce crops during the period from November 2021 to May 2022 was analyzed through the application of a liquid substance made from this fungus.
Keywords: Trichoderma, crops, fungi, liquid substance.
Edición N°12
Fecha de publicación: 28 noviembre del 2022.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
The Universidad Politécnica Salesiana of Ecuador preserves the copyrights of the published works and will favor the reuse of the works. The works are published in the electronic edition of the journal under a Creative Commons Attribution/Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 4.0 Ecuador license: they can be copied, used, disseminated, transmitted and publicly displayed.
The undersigned author partially transfers the copyrights of this work to the Universidad Politécnica Salesiana of Ecuador for printed editions.
It is also stated that they have respected the ethical principles of research and are free from any conflict of interest. The author(s) certify that this work has not been published, nor is it under consideration for publication in any other journal or editorial work.
The author (s) are responsible for their content and have contributed to the conception, design and completion of the work, analysis and interpretation of data, and to have participated in the writing of the text and its revisions, as well as in the approval of the version which is finally referred to as an attachment.
- [1] Gobierno de Chile. (2022). Cómo Reproducir Trichoderma [Métodos Caseros y De Laboratorio]. [En línea]. Disponible en shorturl.at/xGQS9